# Matched Student Analysis

Matched student analysis uses data from students who took both the pretest and the posttest to calculate learning values grouped by student; students who took only one of the two exams are removed from the analysis. These files are more often used for research than assessment or pedagogical improvement as usually some subset of the students were exposed to a treatment while others were not.

The matched student analysis has identical output columns to [matched question analysis](/output-files/matched-question-analysis.md).  Because this report is grouped by student,$$\hat \gamma$$ (gamma) represents the proportion of the material learned by student *i* and $$\hat \gamma / (1-\hat \mu)$$ (gamma gain) represents the proportion of the material learned by student *i* as a percentage of the material that they did not know when taking the pretest.

<figure><img src="/files/-MBt-It5umOfOUpgqUVv" alt="Matched student analysis"><figcaption><p>Matched Student Analysis</p></figcaption></figure>

There are two versions of this report, one grouped at the student level and one grouped at the student/options level.  The later produces multiple rows for each student grouped by the number of answer options.  For instance, suppose there is a 10 question multiple choice paired pretest posttest where half of the questions have four options and the other half have five. This file would produce two rows per student, one for the four option questions and one for the five option questions.&#x20;

If "Include Summary Rows" under the "Options" menu is checked then means (averages), standard deviations and observation counts will be provided in the analysis file.


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